Application of cloud technologies in software products. Advantages, capabilities, security of cloud technologies. Cloud technologies in banking

How quickly progress moves, simply by leaps and bounds, no less. The technologies that will be discussed have already entered our lives. " Clouds"they are called by the common people, and the IT people say cloud technologies. I propose to understand this interesting and promising technology.

• What a concept cloud computing?
• What are some examples of cloud technologies?

Of course, our solution level is ordinary users. Let's touch on theory at an accessible level and practice. In a word, I will try to systematize the basic information on the topic and, if possible, sort it into sections.

Using cloud technologies

The topic is quite popular on the Internet. There are many solutions on the market. However, not everyone understands this know-how and why we need it. If we touch on the mentioned theory of computing cloud commuting (cloud computing), then its essence is in distributed data processing.

You can say it differently. Cloud technology is when the user is provided with Internet services, various hardware and software, methodologies and tools. An example can be given. This is a completely cloud service.

The structure of cloud technology can be represented as follows. These are the servers hard drives and other “hardware”. On this structure, like a platform, various services are created and offered. And only then the software that users access.

When changing the summer wheels (rims with tires) of my car to winter ones, I left them directly in the service store. This service reminded me of a trend in the IT sector as well. All my photos are from my phone Android based automatically uploaded to Picasa (now the same as in G+), the same thing happens with photos taken with a Canon camera. Files in a folder Google Drive my computer are automatically synchronized with Google Drive folders.

Nowadays, the concept of cloud systems can offer many types of services. Services are provided as a service, this is the essence of the concept. Storing your data as a service. Those. set yourself Google Drive for example, and abandon old technologies for storing data on disks and flash drives.

This includes working with a DBMS, i.e. database as a service. The concept allows you to save on computer hardware and even competently use the DBMS in your organization. Internet-accessible software can also be provided. For example Google Docs, Google Calendar like cloud technologies google.

As a service from cloud systems, security as a service is already offered. Those. cloud security technologies that enable users to save on maintaining their own system security.

Applications of cloud technologies

There are also plenty of cloud computing opportunities. This is access from any computer, working with your information from other devices like tablets and phones. It also doesn’t matter what operating system you are working on and how many people are working simultaneously with the same information. It's easy to share, and it's easy to connect yours with information from people around the world.

Your information is not stored on your devices and is thereby protected from loss. Not only is there a lot paid programs have been replaced by free web applications, the latest version is always at your service.

Cloud technologies examples:

We will review the solutions, services, and application software already available on the market. Google cloud technologies recently released Google service Play. The corporation allows us to host our movies, music, books and various applications.

Apple has provided its iCloud service. This service stores all your content and delivers it to any device using Push technology. Gaming services OnLive and Xbox Live offer games as a service.

But the situation with software is more interesting. Instead of packaged programs, Google Corporation (Microsoft did the same) provided the ability to work with Google Drive documents. This is storing, editing and sharing files.

Pure storage services Dropbox and Windows Live SkyDrive. Dropbox allows you to store up to 2GB of data for free. Up to 7GB allows you to save the SkyDrive service.

And so, the cloud is a guaranteed and secure access to your information. The ability to synchronize your computers without burdening yourself with flash drives, disks and wires. Technologies are in great demand and new products in the IT field will, of course, be associated with them.

Research stages

Set a work goal.

Find a source of information.

Process information.

Give definitions, reveal concepts.

Analyze the results.

Draw conclusions.

Objectives of the study

Study basic information about Cloud technologies, the types and areas of application of these technologies.

Consider “cloud” technologies, in particular in education, and more about MICROSOFT technologies.

General provisions

The term " cloud computing"(English - cloud computing) is applicable to any services that are provided via the Internet. The essence of cloud technologies is to provide users with remote access to services, computing resources and applications (including operating systems and infrastructure) via the Internet. The development of this area of ​​hosting (Hosting service for placing the client’s equipment on the provider’s premises, ensuring its connection to high-bandwidth communication channels) was due to the emerging need for software and digital services that could be managed internally, but which would be this makes them more economical and efficient. These Internet services, also known as "cloud services", can be divided into three main categories:

infrastructure as a service

platform as a service

software as a service

Compared to the traditional approach, cloud services allow you to manage larger infrastructures, serve different groups of users within the same cloud, and also mean complete dependence on the cloud service provider. When providing a cloud service, the pay-per-use payment type is used. Typically, the unit of work time is a minute or an hour of resource use. When assessing data volumes, the unit of measurement is the Megabyte of stored information. In this case, the user pays exactly the amount of resources that he actually used for a certain time. In addition, the cloud infrastructure provides the user with the opportunity, if necessary, to “raise” or “lower” the maximum limits of allocated resources, thereby taking advantage of the elasticity of the service provided. To the user cloud services there is no need to take care of the infrastructure that ensures the functionality of the services provided to it. All tasks for configuration, troubleshooting, infrastructure expansion, etc. are taken over by the service provider.

Cloud types

Clouds can be public or private.

A private cloud is an infrastructure intended for use by one organization that includes several consumers (for example, divisions of one organization). A private cloud may be owned, operated and operated by the organization itself or by a third party (or some combination thereof), and may physically exist within or outside the owner's jurisdiction.

Public cloud is an infrastructure designed for free use by the general public. A public cloud can be owned, operated, and operated by commercial, academic, and government organizations (or some combination thereof). The public cloud physically exists in the jurisdiction of the owner - the service provider.

Hybrid cloud is a combination of two or more different cloud infrastructures (private, public) that remain unique objects, but interconnected by standardized or proprietary technologies for transferring data and applications (for example, short-term use of public cloud resources for load balancing between clouds).

Community cloud is a type of infrastructure intended for use by a specific community of consumers from organizations with common goals. A community cloud may be cooperatively owned, managed and operated by one or more community organizations or a third party (or some combination thereof), and may physically exist within or outside the owner's jurisdiction

In practice, the boundaries between all these types of calculations are blurred.

Three tiers of cloud services

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Infrastructure for rent. The user is provided with a “clean” instance of a virtual server with a unique IP address or set of addresses and part of the data storage system. To manage the parameters, start, stop of this instance, the provider provides the user with software interface(API).

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS can be thought of as ready to go virtual platform, consisting of one or more virtual servers with installed operating systems and specialized applications. Most cloud providers offer the user a choice of a variety of ready-to-use cloud environments.

Software as a service (SaaS)

The SaaS concept provides the ability to use software as a service and do it remotely via the Internet. This approach allows you not to buy a software product, but simply use it temporarily when the need arises.

Benefits of Cloud Computing

The user pays for the service only when he needs it, and most importantly, he pays only for what he uses.

Cloud technologies allow you to save on purchasing, supporting, and upgrading software and equipment.

Scalability, fault tolerance and security - automatic selection and freeing up the necessary resources depending on the needs of the application. Maintenance, the software update is carried out by the service provider.

Remote access to data in the cloud - you can work from anywhere on the planet where there is access to the Internet.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

The user does not own and does not have access to the internal cloud infrastructure. The safety of user data greatly depends on the provider company.

A disadvantage that is relevant for Russian users: to receive quality services, the user must have reliable and fast access to the Internet.

Not all data can be entrusted to the Internet provider, not only for storage, but even for processing

There is a risk that the online service provider will one day fail to backup copy data, and they will be lost as a result of a server crash.

By entrusting your data to an online service, you lose control over it and limit your freedom (The user will not be able to change any part of his information; it will be stored in conditions beyond his control).

Application of cloud technologies

As an example of the use of cloud technologies in education, we can name electronic diaries and magazines, personal accounts for students and teachers, an interactive reception area and more. These are thematic forums where students can exchange information. This includes searching for information, where students can solve certain educational problems even in the absence of a teacher or under his guidance. For this you can use:

computer programs

electronic textbooks

simulators

diagnostic, test and training systems

application and instrumental software

laboratory complexes

systems based on multimedia technology

telecommunications systems (e.g. email, teleconferencing

electronic libraries and more.

Microsoft cloud technologies for educational institutions

Cloud Microsoft technologies: Office 365, Azure for Education

Microsoft Office 365 for educational institutions allows you to use all the capabilities of cloud services, helping to save time and money, and also improves the performance of students and employees. Basic functionality including cloud versions Exchange Online, SharePoint Online and Office Web Apps, as well as Lync Online with video conferencing will be provided free of charge. Detailed information about new prices and tariffs can be found at the link: Live@edu. Office 365 for educational institutions combines the capabilities of familiar Office applications For desktop systems with new generation internet versions Microsoft services for communication and collaboration. Office 365 is easy to use and manage, with the robust security and reliability expected of a leading global service provider.

More detailed information You can find it at the link: http://www.microsoft.com/ru-ru/office365/education/school-services.aspx#fbid=RAc3tEIrx3K.

With the help Windows offers Azure in education teachers have the opportunity to include one of the most innovative and rapidly developing technologies in their educational process, both in its theoretical and practical parts. It's no secret that in a few years the demand in the labor market for specialists in the field of cloud computing will increase significantly, with using Windows Azure in education universities have the opportunity to train such specialists.

Cloud technologies involve running applications or storing data on servers located in distributed data centers accessible via the Internet. To develop and run such applications, a special cloud platform is required. Such a platform is Windows Azure, a “cloud” analogue of the operating system Windows Server. However, if Windows Server is software that you purchased and deployed on servers in your local data center, then Windows platform Azure is hosted in Microsoft data centers and is available to you remotely as an environment for developing and running applications. You do not need to purchase and install software, you only pay for the rental of computing resources and capacity of the Microsoft data center platform.

How does Windows Azure work?

At the core Windows operation Azure is responsible for running a virtual machine for each application instance. The developer determines the required volume for data storage and the required computing power (number virtual machines), after which the platform provides the appropriate resources. When initial resource requirements change, the platform allocates additional or reduces unused data center resources for the application in accordance with the new customer request.

A feature of the PaaS model (“platform-as-a-service”) is the separation of the application and infrastructure: the developer only needs to determine the amount of resources required for the application to operate, and all actions to provide the requested resources, manage them, dynamic distribution, monitoring, scaling, etc. are performed provider.

For students who want to learn cloud technologies on their own, or who are working on cloud computing projects, Microsoft also provides free access to Windows Azure, allowing them to immerse themselves in the learning process without any restrictions.

For teachers:

5 months access

2 small compute nodes

3GB storage

2 service bus connections

2 SQL Asure Web Edition (1GB)

For students:

The job was completed.

Introduction to Cloud Basics

This management problem may soon be solved. Instead of installing a number of programs on each computer, all you need to do is download one application. Using this application, employees will have access to an Internet server on which all the programs necessary for a particular job are stored. All programs, from email clients and text editors to data analysis programs, will be launched from remote computers owned by another company. This technology, called "cloud", has the potential to revolutionize the entire computer industry.

When using cloud technologies, the load in computer systems is redistributed. Computers on site will not be overloaded with numerous applications. Will take on this burden computer network, forming a cloud. Hardware and software requirements for employees will be reduced: their computers will only have to load the cloud interface. This interface is comparable in simplicity to a web browser.

It's possible that you've already used some form of cloud technology, such as servers email(Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail or Gmail). Instead of running mail client on your computer, you log into your online account. Yours account is not stored on your computer - it is located on a cloud server.

Cloud Computing Structure

The front end includes the client's computer (or network of computers) and the application needed to access the cloud system.
Different cloud systems have different user interfaces. Mail servers use existing web browsers, e.g. Internet Explorer or Firefox. Other systems have their own applications for accessing the network.

The rear area includes various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the “cloud”. In principle, using a cloud system, you can use any computer program from data processing to video games. Usually each application has its own server.

The central server ensures the operation of the cloud: it manages the system, records traffic and client requests. The server has a set of operating rules called protocols and specific middleware. Thanks to middleware, computers can transfer information to each other. Most of the time, servers are not fully loaded - there is unused capacity. You can “trick” a physical server and turn it into several virtual ones, each with its own operating system. This technology is called virtualization. With virtualization, server efficiency increases, which in turn reduces hardware requirements.

If you computer company If a cloud company has a lot of clients, it will need large amounts of memory. Some companies have hundreds of digital storage devices. To operate a cloud system, you need twice as many storage devices as the amount of client information. This is due to the fact that devices can break down. All customer information must be copied and stored on multiple devices. This way, the central server will always be able to download data from backup devices.

Cloud Computing Applications

Equipment costs will be reduced. Users will not need more powerful hardware with greater performance or more memory - the entire load will fall on the cloud system. An inexpensive computer with a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and processor that meets the middleware requirements will suffice. There is no need for a large hard drive - all information is stored on a remote computer.

Corporations in which computer hardware plays a role important role, must have the right software to operate successfully. With the help of a cloud system, these companies will have access to computer applications. There will be no need to purchase software or licenses for each employee. Instead, the company will pay a certain amount to the cloud organization.

Servers and digital storage devices take up space. Companies sometimes have to rent space to store servers and databases. Thanks to cloud technologies, data will be stored on another company’s equipment and there will be no need to find storage space.

Companies will be able to save on IT support. Well-functioning hardware can be more efficient than a network various devices and operating systems.

If the back end of the cloud system is network computer system, the client will be able to use the power of the entire network. Often scientists and researchers perform calculations that are so complex that personal computer it would take years to complete them. In a networked computer system, the client can submit calculations for processing in the cloud. The cloud system can utilize the power of all available back-end computers and thereby significantly speed up calculations.

Problems of cloud technologies

Among the problems associated with cloud technologies, there are also more philosophical ones. Who owns the data: the company using the cloud services or the organization where the data is stored? Can a cloud company deny a customer access to its data? These and other questions about the essence of cloud computing are the subject of discussions between companies, law firms and universities.
What impact will cloud technology have on other industries? In the IT environment, people are already asking the question: how will the emergence of cloud technologies affect the field of computer maintenance and repair? If companies move to modernized computer systems, their IT support needs will decrease. According to some industry experts, demand for IT services will shift to the back end of cloud systems.

Another subject of computer science research is autonomous operation computers. An autonomous computer system monitors itself and takes steps to prevent or correct problems. At the moment, the autonomous operation of computers remains a theory. But, if one day this becomes a reality, the demand for IT support services will significantly decrease.

The concept of cloud computing (computing) or cloud (dispersed) processing was first proposed in the 1970s. The idea was officially published and scientifically substantiated in 2006, when the company Amazon presented its web services infrastructure (Web Services ), providing not only hosting, but also providing the client with remote computing power. Similar services following Amazon presented Google, Sun And IBM And Microsoft. Moreover Microsoft introduced not just a service, but a full-fledged cloud operating system Windows Azure.

Cloud Computing(English, cloud computing)- a distributed data processing technology in which computer resources and power are provided to the user as an Internet service. As a rule, the term “cloud computing” used today is applicable to any services that are provided via the Internet. The term “cloud” itself comes from the accepted graphic designation of the Internet, which is depicted in the form of clouds. Thus, cloud computing is a new paradigm that involves distributed and remote processing and storage of data.

Today, a cloud service includes three main characteristics that distinguish it from a regular service:

• mode of “resources on demand”;
• elasticity;
• independence from infrastructure management elements.

As simple example, reflecting the differences between cloud systems and conventional ones, we can cite the services of issuing resources on web servers. In the case of a conventional system, the provider charges for the provided capacity and resources, regardless of their use. As for cloud structures, fees are charged only for the capacity and resources used, thereby saving the user money.

Cloud services can be divided into five categories:

• 1) software as a service;
• 2) platform as a service;
• 3) infrastructure as a service;
• 4) data as a service;
• 5) workplace as a service.

Software as a service (Software-as-a-Service - SaaS) - a model in which the consumer is given the opportunity to use the provider's application software running in the cloud infrastructure and accessible from various client devices or through a thin client, for example, from a browser (for example, webmail) or a program interface. Control and management of the underlying physical and virtual infrastructure of the cloud, including control of the network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities (except for a limited set of user configuration settings of the application) is carried out cloud provider.

Platform as a service (Platform-as-a-Service - PaaS) - a model when the consumer is given the opportunity to use a cloud infrastructure to host basic software for subsequent placement of new or existing applications(own, custom-developed or purchased replicated applications). Such platforms include tools for creating, testing and executing application software - database management systems, middleware, programming language execution environments - provided by the cloud provider.

Control and management of the main physical and virtual infrastructure of the cloud, including control of the network, servers, operating systems, storage, is carried out by the cloud provider, with the exception of developed or installed applications, as well as, if possible, configuration parameters of the environment (platform).

Infrastructure as a service (Infrastructure-as-a-Service - laaS) is provided as an opportunity to use cloud infrastructure for independent management of processing resources, storage, networks and other fundamental computing resources For example, a consumer may install and run arbitrary software, which may include operating systems, platform software, and application software. The consumer can control the operating systems, virtual systems data storage and installed applications, as well as a set of available services. Control and management of the main physical and virtual infrastructure of the cloud, including control of the network, servers, types of operating systems used, and storage systems, is carried out by the cloud provider.

From an infrastructure point of view, the following deployment models are distinguished:

• private cloud;
• public cloud;
• hybrid cloud;
• public cloud.

Private cloud(English, private cloud) - infrastructure intended for use by one organization, including several consumers (for example, divisions of one organization), possibly also clients and contractors of this organization. A private cloud may be owned, operated and operated by the organization itself or by a third party (or some combination thereof), and may physically exist within or outside the owner's jurisdiction.

Public cloud (public cloud) - infrastructure intended for free use by the general public. A public cloud can be owned, operated, and operated by commercial, academic, and government organizations (or some combination thereof). The public cloud physically exists in the jurisdiction of the owner - the service provider.

Hybrid cloud (hybrid cloud) is a combination of two or more different cloud infrastructures (private, public or public) that remain unique entities, but are interconnected by standardized or proprietary data and application technologies (for example, short-term use of public cloud resources to balance load between clouds).

Public cloud (community cloud) is a type of infrastructure intended for use by a specific community of customers from organizations that have common goals (for example, mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance with various requirements). A community cloud may be cooperatively owned, managed and operated by one or more community organizations or a third party (or some combination thereof), and may physically exist within or outside the jurisdiction of the owner.

Along with obvious advantages, the concept of cloud technology is not without its disadvantages. The main complaints relate to security and the need for reliable broadband Internet access.

Let's look at examples of implementation of cloud technologies (besides webmail).

For example, a cloud service was launched in the USA OnLive, providing the opportunity to play modern games even on the simplest equipment. Technically it looks like this: the game itself is located on remote server And there the graphics are processed, which are delivered to the end user’s computer in a “ready” form. In other words, the calculations meant to be done on your computer's graphics card and processor are done on the server, and your computer is used only as a monitor.

Also Apple is developing cloud technology in the form of a service called MobileMe. The service includes an email client, calendar, address book, file storage, a photo album and tool for finding lost items iPhone. This service is paid, but the main thing here is different. Apple provides this level of interaction of its set of Internet services and applications on a computer, phone, player and iPad, that the need to use a browser disappears. You use familiar programs on your Mac, iPhone And iPad, however, all data is not stored on them, but in the cloud, which allows you to forget about the need for synchronization, as well as accessibility. At the same time, let’s make a reservation that you don’t have to use the applications specifically - you can simply log into your account through a browser from any computer.

Under development Google operating system Chrome OS is actually one browser through which the user interacts with an extensive network of web services. The OS is aimed at netbooks, there are very low system requirements and no need to install programs yourself. In other words, Google provides the benefits of a cloud concept ordinary users. The truth is that the disadvantage of this approach is that without the Internet, a netbook based Chrome OS will be completely useless.

Let us note the advantages and disadvantages of cloud technologies.

Advantages cloud computing:

• reducing the requirements for the computing power of the user's computer (any computer that can open a browser window receives the enormous potential of a real workstation);
• cost savings on purchasing, supporting, upgrading software and equipment;
• scalability, fault tolerance and security; automatic allocation and release of the necessary resources depending on the needs of the application. Maintenance and software updates are carried out by the service provider;
• remote access to data in the cloud - you can work from anywhere on the planet where there is access to the Internet;
• high speed data processing;
• payment for services as needed and only for what is used;
• saving disk space Submissions and programs are stored on remote servers).

Flaws cloud computing:

• dependence of the integrity of user data on the companies providing the service;
• the need for reliable and quick access to the Internet;
• lack of generally accepted standards in the area of ​​security of cloud technologies;
• the possibility of the emergence of cloud monopolists;
• the danger of hacker attacks on the server (when storing data on a computer, you can disconnect from the Internet at any time and clean the system using an antivirus).

Despite all the criticism, cloud technologies have a good future. The simplest proof of this is that no matter how the three main giants competed and contradicted each other ( Microsoft, Apple And Google), they all almost simultaneously rushed into this new technology and they are not going to leave there. Moreover, all three companies connect their future with cloud technologies. Two years ago the concept cloud computing seemed just a beautiful idea, a “bait”, a strange experiment. Today, the benefits of cloud technologies can be felt even by those people who are not involved in software development, web technologies and other highly specialized things ( Xbox Live, Windows Live, MobileMe, OnLive, Google Docs- vivid examples of this).

Below is brief description several open source cloud technology projects.

Chef- relatively new project, which is only a year old, but is actively being developed, as can be seen from the frequency of code registrations. This is a build framework for configuration management of all types of /G infrastructure, in particular among cloud developments. First, source code is written that describes how the infrastructure will be built, and then these descriptions are applied to the servers. The result is a fully automated infrastructure. Chef professionally supported and sponsored by the company Opscode.

Eucalyptus- this is infrastructure Open Source software for implementing cloud technologies on clusters. Current interface Eucalyptus interface compatible Amazon's EU 2,

S3 and EBS, however, the infrastructure is designed to support multiple client interfaces. Eucalyptus implemented using generally available tools Linux and basic web service technologies, which facilitates installation and support of the system. Eucalyptus Systems provide counseling, training and support services.

First of all, the cloud is interesting to end users information systems. The simplest case: there is a web service that serves requests from users. The service is implemented in the cloud. As the number of requests grows and the service can no longer cope with the load, new nodes can be added to the system (dynamically or on demand) and the load redistributed between them

Secondly, Eucalyptus useful in direct development software systems. In the cloud, you can combine hardware resources of all stripes and shades that meet the requirements Eucalyptus.

OpenNebula- this is perhaps the most interesting and most significant project in the list of "cloud" technologies, advertising itself as Open Source tools for cloud computing. OpenNebula is a tool that can be used for any type of cloud implementation and for managing virtual infrastructure in information center or a cluster or to combine local infrastructure with a public cloud-based infrastructure. OpenNebula also supports public clouds, allowing cloud interfaces to expose their functionality to virtual machine, memory and network management.

Zenoss- has the ability to track Amazon Web Services and all types of other cloud and virtual infrastructure.

Enomaly's Elastic Computing Platform(hereinafter - ECP) - programmable virtual “cloud” infrastructure for all types of enterprises. ESR Helps develop, manage and implement virtual applications in the cloud and significantly reduce administrative and system workload. Web-based dashboard enables 77 employees to simplify and effectively plan implementations, automate scaling and load balancing of virtual machines, analyze, configure and optimize easy-to-use cloud capabilities service programs. ESR the platform was designed to work with the virtual data center, providing added value and reduced costs.

Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud includes Ubuntu Server Edition and integrates several Open Source projects, including Eucalyptus. UEC provides users with turnkey packages for implementing a private cloud.

Lecture Cloud technologies

Cloud technologies (computing) are distributed data processing technologies in which computer resources and power are provided to the user as an Internet service.

The main types of cloud technologies include:

" InfrastructureHowservice" (“Infrastructure as a Service” or “IaaS”)

" PlatformHowservice" ("Platform as a Service", " PaaS")

"Software as a service"(“Software as a Service” or “SaaS”).

Let's take a closer look at each of these technologies.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS is the provision of computer infrastructure as a service based on the concept of cloud computing.

IaaS consists of three main components:

Hardware (servers, storage systems, client systems, network equipment)

Operating systems and system software (virtualization tools, automation tools, basic resource management tools)

Middleware (e.g. systems management)

IaaS is based on virtualization technology, which allows the user of the equipment to divide it into parts that correspond to the current needs of the business, thereby increasing the efficiency of using available computing power. The user (company or software developer) will only have to pay for the server time, disk space, and network throughput and other resources. In addition, IaaS provides the customer with a complete set of management functions in one integrated platform.

IaaS eliminates the need for enterprises to maintain complex data center, customer, and network infrastructures, while also reducing the associated capital expenditures and operating costs. In addition, additional savings can be achieved by providing the service within a sharing infrastructure.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS is the provision of an integrated platform for developing, testing, deploying and maintaining web applications as a service.

To deploy web applications, the developer does not need to purchase hardware and software, and there is no need to organize their support. Access for the client can be organized on a rental basis.

This approach has the following advantages:

scalability;

fault tolerance;

virtualization;

safety.

Scalability PaaS involves automatic allocation and release of the necessary resources depending on the number of users served by the application.

PaaS as an integrated platform for developing, testing, deploying and supporting web applications will allow the entire range of operations for developing, testing and deploying web applications to be performed in one integrated environment, thereby eliminating the cost of supporting separate environments for individual stages.

Ability to create source code and make it available to general access within the development team significantly increases productivity in creating applications based on PaaS.

Software as a service (SaaS).

SaaS– an application deployment model that involves providing the application to the end user as an on demand service. Such an application is accessed via the network, and most often via an Internet browser. In this case, the main advantage of the SaaS model for the client is the absence of costs associated with installing, updating and maintaining the functionality of the equipment and software running on it. Target Audience- end consumers.

In the SaaS model:

the application is adapted for remote use;

one application can be used by several clients;

payment for the service is charged either monthly subscription fee, or based on the total volume of transactions;

application support is already included in the payment;

Application upgrades can be carried out smoothly and transparently for customers by maintenance staff.

From the point of view of software developers, the SaaS model makes it possible to effectively combat unlicensed use of software, due to the fact that the client cannot store, copy and install the software.

In fact, SaaS software can be considered as a more convenient and profitable alternative to internal information systems.

The development of SaaS logic is the concept WaaS (Workplace as a Service - workplace as a service). That is, the client receives at his disposal a virtual workplace fully equipped with everything necessary for the operation of the software.

Communications (VoIP)

Antispam and antivirus

Project management

Distance learning

Data storage and backup

All three types of cloud services are interconnected and represent a nested structure.

In addition to various methods of providing services, there are several options for deploying cloud systems:

Private cloud- used to provide services within one company, which is both a customer and a service provider. This is an option for implementing the “cloud concept” when a company creates it for itself, within the organization. First of all, implementation private cloud eliminates one of the important questions that certainly arises among customers when familiarizing themselves with this concept - the question of data protection from the point of view of information security. Since the “cloud” is limited by the company itself, this issue is resolved using standard existing methods. For private cloud characterized by a reduction in the cost of equipment due to the use of idle or inefficiently used resources. And also, reducing the cost of purchasing equipment by reducing logistics (we don’t think about which servers to buy, in what configurations, what productive capacities, how much space to reserve each time, etc.

In essence, power increases in proportion to the overall growing load, not depending on each task that arises - but, so to speak, on average. And it becomes easier to plan, purchase and implement - launch new tasks into production.

Public cloud- used by cloud providers to provide services to external customers.

Mixed (hybrid) cloud- joint use of the two above deployment models