TVs. Consoles. Projectors and accessories. Technologies. Digital TV

There are operating systems. List of operating systems. Lubuntu: A lightweight version of Ubuntu

The computer market is dominated by one operating system – Windows from Microsoft. Apple's macOS occupies a much more modest percentage. And then there's Linux. But few people know that there are alternative operating systems in the world. Perhaps not as popular as the main three, but they have left and are leaving their mark in the world of IT technologies.

Facebook

Twitter

Pocket

Linkedin

fb messenger

FreeDOS

Disk operating programs(DOS) were popular in the late 80s and 90s, when they replaced system boot loaders. End of support for MS-DOS by Microsoft became the main reason for the emergence of the FreeDOS OS, which was initially called PD-DOS. Free FreeDOS can be classified as a single-tasking operating system, the core of which is DOS-C program. The DOS kernel operates in a single address space, which ensures fairly high system speed. In the beginning, FreeDOS was designed to be fully compatible with DOS-OS, allowing it to run freely with DOS-OS applications.

The system supports working with the FAT32 file system, but if you dig a little into BIOS settings, then it will be possible to use up to four LBA disks up to 128 GB in size. The main disadvantage of FreeDOS is the inability to connect USB devices. If they are supported at the BIOS level, then the FreeDOS system will not have problems with USB keyboards and mice, and will work with flash drives as with regular disks.

FreeDOS can be run on any virtual machine, where you should select the Other – DOS option as the OS type. But you can install it as a second operating system on your PC. Today, the system is still under active development and version 1.2 was released at the end of December 2016.

FreeBSD

FreeBSD is a modern operating system for x86 computers running on the UNIX(R) version, created at the University of California at Berkeley. The abbreviation BSD itself stands for Berkeley Software Distribution. The system has high performance, means of support information security and compatibility with other operating systems, as well as an exceptional set of network functions. FreeBSD is distributed free of charge.

The system provides advanced network operating system capabilities for devices and embedded platforms, from high-end Intel-based devices to Arm, PowerPC and, soon, MIPS hardware platforms. Ideal for building an Internet or Intranet server.

A non-profit organization, The FreeBSD Foundation, has been created to support the FreeBSD project, for which all donations and monetary assistance are tax-deductible.

eComStation

The eComStation system is an updated version of IBM OS/2 Warp 4.5, which was developed and marketed by the American company Serenity Systems International and the Dutch company Mensys B.V. eComStation is not a free operating system and is quite expensive (more than $100), but if you want to try it in a virtual machine, then a demo version of the OS is enough.

The central part of the system's graphical interface is the Workplace Shell, which is friendly and practically accessible to any user. Almost everything works right out of the box, starting from video cards and network cards and ending with audio, including integrated, and USB adapters. eComStation has advanced user interface, an object-oriented desktop. Users can customize the appearance.

ReactOS

ReactOS is a free operating system that is compatible with Microsoft Windows XP OS implementation. Developers strive to achieve full binary compatibility with applications and drivers designed for operating systems NT and XP, using a similar architecture to achieve this goal and providing a complete and equivalent software interface.

Of course, ReactOS is still very far from Windows 7/10. But that's quite working model A Windows-like operating system that provides developers with a wealth of information from the ReactOS source codes and participates in the development of ReactOS.

The system is still under development, which gives enthusiasts and developers the opportunity to join in its improvement. The creators of ReactOS say the main argument in favor of their OS is resistance to the Microsoft monopoly.

Oracle Solaris

In 2010 Oracle company bought Sun Microsystems, and with it the most innovative operating system for enterprises - SunOS. True, then the OS was renamed and now it is known to everyone as Oracle Solaris. There was a rather funny story with this system. Although SunOS is a closed-source operating system, most of it has been open source and published in the OpenSolaris project. Development on the system continued until 2005, but then the developers, for some reason, decided to stop working (there is talk of disagreements within Sun Microsystems itself) and only after purchasing all Oracle assets did development continue.

According to John Fowler, Oracle's executive vice president of Systems, "Oracle Solaris 11 is the best UNIX operating system to run Oracle applications, deploy mission-critical cloud infrastructures, and protect user investments.” Updated Oracle Solaris 11 found wide application in mission-critical systems for a variety of industries, including finance, telecommunications, healthcare, trade, public sector, media and entertainment. The system includes OpenStack components to implement OpenStack functionality in corporate environments and has unique modernization and optimization capabilities for Oracle Database databases.

Syllable Desktop

The AtheOS operating system, which existed between 1994 and 2001 and was perceived as a clone of AmigaOS, was developed by Norwegian programmer Kurt Skauen. But then Skownen abandoned further development and released the source code to the public.

This is how Syllable Desktop was born - a free operating system designed for use on home and office computers, as well as IA-32 architecture servers. Although the system is not based on UNIX, it provides almost complete compatibility with POSIX standards.

The Syllable Desktop operating system even has a browser called ABrowse. True, this is not the browser that the modern user is accustomed to. There is not even a button to open a file - you have to enter the file name in the address bar all the time, there is very weak support for tabs and you cannot save pages, select encoding and much more.

The latest build of this operating system was released in 2012, but if anyone is interested in trying it out, even the oldest PC will be able to run it, not to mention a virtual machine.

Haiku

The Haiku operating system owes its birth to programmer Michael Phipps. The reason was the cessation of work on BeOS, which Michael loved very much. The only logical step was to recreate BeOS completely from scratch, but make it open source. So soon the new Haiku OS was introduced to the world.

Everyone who has ever downloaded and used Haiku has noticed the interface first. Or rather, its almost complete absence. At one time there was even information about the prospects of migrating to the Linux kernel. But this initiative did not find support. Work on Haiku continues to this day, but, in my opinion, the system is very far behind Windows and MacOS, and therefore is of interest only to a certain circle of developers and enthusiasts.

SkyOS

SkyOS - this is 32 – bit operating system developed by a group of enthusiasts led by Robert Sheleny. The operating system was intended by the developers to be fast and lightweight. The first versions were free and distributed under the GNU license, but then for some reason Sheleni decided to rewrite everything from scratch. In 2003, the operating system had an advanced graphical interface and rich multimedia capabilities. Soon the project became commercial and distribution of the source code was stopped, while the author announced a transition to the Linux kernel for more flexible support for a large number of external devices.

Later, the project completely hung up on the release of the beta version of SkyOS 5.0 in 2009. The most interesting thing happened in 2013, when unexpectedly latest version systems appeared in open access. Was also posted serial number and username to legally activate the product. But no one seems to be interested in this project anymore.

TempleOS

There are a lot of jokes and sarcasm about this “divine” operating system. Its creator, Terry A. Davis, is described as nothing less than a schizophrenic. The system was created in 2003, supposedly “with God’s blessing.” TempleOS is not an operating system, but a “Temple of God” with a resolution of 640x480 pixels in 16 colors, comparable to Solomon.

Although technically TempleOS is a multi-tasking operating system with support for several cores, which does not support the network or any devices at all. Drivers are completely missing. In order to interact with other programs and processes, direct rewriting of the contents of the memory sections of these programs is necessary. The funny thing is the built-in games, of which there are many, but they differ in varying degrees of simplicity.

The OS uses open file system FAT32 with additional native support for metafiles as an extension. All applications run in ring 0, with the highest priority, without memory protection. Work on the system has been going on for 13 years.

ChromeOS

Google could not stay away from the development of operating systems for desktop PCs, laptops and netbooks. The company's developers decided to take a slightly different route. Using the Linux kernel as a basis, they created an operating system whose distinctive feature is the dominance of web applications over work with traditional OS functions. In ChromeOS, the main role is given to the browser, which impresses with its stability and high speed working with the Internet.

The system works mainly on ARM processors or x86, so it turns on very quickly at startup. The main feature of the system is the fact that all information and all calculations are performed on the company’s servers and stored in the cloud. This avoids loading users' physical drives.

Pocket

Linkedin

fb messenger

Operating systems create a connection between users and applications, forming the kernel computer systems.

OS dissociates programs from hardware and simplify resource management. Let's look at the different types of operating systems and find out how they differ from each other.

The operating system is software component a computer system that is responsible for managing various activities and sharing computer resources. It hosts several applications that run on the computer and process the operations of the computer hardware. Users and application programs access services offered by operating systems through system calls and application programming interfaces. Users interact with the computer operating system through interfaces command line(CLIS) or graphical user interface known as GUI. In short, an operating system allows users to interact with computer systems by acting as a link between users or application programs and the computer hardware. Here brief overview various types operating systems.

Real-time operating system: It is a multitasking operating system that aims to run real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms in such a way that they can achieve deterministic behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their fast and predictable response to events. The system is event-driven, switching between tasks based on their priorities, with task-switching time-sharing.

Windows CE, OS-9,Symbian andLynxOS are some of the well-known real-time operating systems.

Multi-user and single-user operating systems: This type of computer operating systems allows multiple users to access a computer system at the same time. Time-sharing systems can be classified as multi-user systems because they allow multiple users to access a computer through time sharing. Single-user operating systems, unlike multi-user operating systems, can only be used by one user at a time. The ability to create multiple users in the Windows operating system does not make it a multi-user system. Rather, only the network administrator is the real user. But for Unix and similar operating systems, it is possible for two users to log in at the same time, and this feature of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system.

Windows 95Windows2000MaxOS and PalmOS are examples of single-user operating systems. Unix andOpenVMS are examples of multi-user operating systems.

Multitasking and single-tasking operating systems: When only one program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under the category of single-tasking system, and in case the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks at the same time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system. Multitasking can be of two types, namely proactive or cooperative. In a multitasking operating system, it devotes one slot to each program. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support multitasking. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to allow time for other processes in a specific order. This kind of multitasking is similar to the idea of ​​block multithreading, in which one thread passes while another is blocked by some other event. MS Windows up to Windows 95 use cooperative multitasking to support it.

PalmOS forPalm PDAs are single-tasking operating systems. 9xWindows supports multitasking. DOS+ is a relatively lesser-known multitasking operating system. It can support multitasking of four 86-bit programs.

Distributed operating system: an operating system that manages a group of independent computers and makes them one computer. Development networked computers, which can be interconnected, gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computing occurs on more than one computer. When computers collaborate in group work, they create a distributed system.

Amoeba, Plan9 and LOCUS (developed in the 1980s) are examples of distributed operating systems.

Embedded systems: Operating systems designed for use in embedded computer systems. They are designed to work on small machines such as PDAs. They are able to work with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and efficient.

Windows CE,FreeBSD andMinix 3 examples of embedded operating systems. UsageLinux in embedded computer systems is calledEmbeddedLinux.

Mobile operating system: Although it is not functionally a type of operating system, mobile OS is definitely an important mention in the list of types of operating systems. Mobile OS controls mobile device, its design supports wireless communication and mobile applications. It has built-in support for mobile multimedia formats. Tablet PCs and smartphones run on mobile operating systems.

Blackberry OSAndroidbyGoogle and iOS fromApple are one of the most famous mobile operating systems.

Batch processing and interactive systems: Batch processing refers to execution computer programs in “batches” without manual intervention. In systems batch processing, programs are collected, grouped and processed at a later date. They do not require users to log in; input data is collected in advance for further processing. Input data is collected and processed in batches, hence the name batch processing. IBM OS has batch processing capabilities.

Internet and network: In online data processing, the user remains in contact with the computer and processes are carried out under control central processor computer. When processes are not executed under the direct control of the processor, processing is referred to as offline processing. Let's take an example of batch processing. Here batching or grouping of data can be done without user and CPU intervention; this can be done offline. But the execution of the process itself can occur under the direct control of the processor, that is, on the Internet.

Operating systems help simplify human interaction with computer equipment. They are responsible for linking application programs with hardware to achieve easy user access to computers.

Many of you may have heard that there are other operating systems for your computer besides Windows.

In this article we will make a brief overview of the most famous representatives of operating systems, and perhaps you will want to change your life by trying another OS.

Let's start with the most common one.

Windows

Windows XP

This operating system appeared quite a long time ago; 3 Service Packs and a lot of pirated assemblies have already been released for it. There are so many of them that you are unlikely to find one that is similar to XP, released by Microsoft. One of the most famous such assemblies - ZverCD It is so famous that it is sold in stores. Its main advantage is its ease of installation and the fact that the same disk contains many programs that will be useful to you, including K-Lite. Codec Pack(a collection of codecs for viewing audio and video). What is also noteworthy about it is that the drivers are installed themselves during installation. I got a little distracted from the main topic. So, the pros and cons of Windows XP.

Pros:

  • The first and most important advantage of Windows XP is that you get used to it. You know how to use it, you almost never have problems with it, and if you do, it's the hackers' fault, weak computer, slow Internet - in general, everything except . Also, you are very accustomed to its interface, which you will most likely be uncomfortable with others.
  • The second, important plus is that most programs and games are not released. Of course, they can be run on other operating systems, but it will be more difficult than on .

Cons:

  • Windows xp requires more resources than other operating systems; it does not have such an abundance of settings as on other systems.
  • Programs for it are mostly paid, that is, you will have to either pay or live knowing that you are using illegal software (of course, for many programs there are free alternatives that do not always differ much in functionality. People do not use them mainly because they do not know about them or because of the same habit).

Windows 7



Now let's stop thinking about the past and look at what we have now. Windows 7 solved many problems that arose in Windows XP, introduced many conveniences that you will constantly enjoy, and along with it new problems appeared.

Pros:

  • Improved visualization has appeared (ease of use, desktop widgets).
  • Now, when you insert a device, Windows 7 will immediately install a driver for it from the Internet for you.

Cons:

  • Despite the changes, windows is still windows. Therefore, the disadvantages are the same as for XP.

Linux

*nix is ​​a similar operating system created by student Linus Torvald. Significantly different from Windows, used mainly by programmers or for servers. But there are not only distribution kits for servers and programmers, but also for ordinary users, so why do most people use Windows, and not a licensed one? It’s elementary, because, I’m not afraid to repeat myself, people are used to Windows, and some people don’t have time to relearn. We would really have to relearn if we lived in, say, 2005. There are now enough distributions available to choose the right one. There is even one whose interface is identical to Windows interface. But we will focus on the most common and most suitable distribution for ordinary users - Ubuntu.

Ubuntu 10.04

I decided to take the latest LTS (Long Term Support) version because it is significantly different from the previous ones - it is Ubuntu 10.04 lucid lynx. It solves the main problem of Linux - connecting to the Internet. Unlike previous versions, you don’t need to configure anything in this version, you just install the Wicd program, click the “connect” button and you have access to the Internet. Internet access is very important on Ubuntu, updates are released almost weekly, and with each installation of an English-language program, you can check whether it has a Russian language by going to the language settings and installing all the updates there. Also, compared to previous versions, the number of problems has decreased. New version Ubuntu comes out every six months, which is also important. Now let's move on to the pros and cons.

Pros:

  • Ubuntu starts at times faster than Windows. You can also change the user quite quickly.
  • There is no need to manually install drivers; it is possible to connect different sources to update the system and applications.
  • There will be almost no problems with downloading and installing applications; you don’t have to go into the browser to find and download the program, just go to one of the application management managers, find the desired application there and install it.
  • Lots of settings. You can customize the system completely to suit yourself. The interface is customizable to the smallest detail. Also, there are many sites on which all setup processes are described. One of them is Ubuntuology. Everything is described there, starting with installation.
  • Some programs have been ported from Windows to Ubuntu. That is, you can safely use your favorite browser Opera/Mozilla Firefox/Google Chrome on Ubuntu, talk through your usual Skype and Mail.ru Agent.
  • No viruses. This means that you do not need to install an antivirus. There are dangerous terminal commands that you can accidentally run from the Internet, but it all depends on your attentiveness. Also, Ubuntu has a built-in Firewall.
  • Ubuntu offers codecs for audio and video to download as needed. This is why an Internet connection is so important.

Cons:

  • Setting up Ubuntu may seem complicated and time-consuming to you, because most of the time it is. You can get by without it, but to really enjoy Ubuntu you'll have to go through the setup process.
  • In fact, there are few ported programs. In order for you to use the same programs as on Windows, you will have to install one of the programs designed for this (for example, Wine), configure libraries, fonts, install the Directx driver, if needed. Or install Windows on virtual machine. In general, again setting up.
  • Not all programs can be installed from the Application Center. Some will have to be downloaded from the Internet manually, and some of them are not in deb format (Debian installation package, installation is similar to installing exe), but in tar.bz2 format, that is, in archives. You will have to unpack and install them manually.
  • Fans of the game may have problems. Of course, a lot of games are released on Ubuntu, but in order for you to have access to your Steam, for example, you will have to either install Windows on a virtual machine or configure Wine.

Also, after this version, versions of Ubntu 10.10 and 11.04 were released, but nothing new except the alternative Unity graphical shell that could be added to the pros or cons appeared.

Mac OS

An operating system created by Apple Corporation. We will not analyze it in detail; we will describe it in general terms, without touching on individual distributions, since not everyone can afford it, only if pirated copy, which is not so easy to install. The operating system itself is not sold separately; it is sold only with laptops and desktop computers Apple. One such laptop will cost you approximately 50,000 rubles, it is clear that there is an overpayment for the brand, but despite this price they are bought, which means there is still something remarkable in it.

Every day, working with a computer, we do not even suspect that with one keystroke, millions of the smallest elements are activated. Thus, we make the computer logic work. We open and close various programs, listen to music and watch movies. But we don’t even think about what operating systems are there?

Let's start with statistics. According to research, Unix (Linux) operating systems are used by about 1% of consumers. The Apple operating system (MacOS) is used by about 8%, and finally, the operating system different versions Windows is used by about 90% of users. But judging by earlier statistics, users are moving in short steps from the usual Windows to other operating systems.

Therefore, today we will look at what operating systems exist and analyze the 3 most popular ones.

Operating system Windows 7

Today, Windows 7 is quite stable and very convenient system for use, and it is not difficult to agree with this belief.

Hardware resources - 1 GB is enough for a 32-bit system. RAM, 128 MB video card. AND DirectX versions 9. You will also need to have a recording and reading device - a USB connector, or a DVD drive. A prerequisite is the presence of 16 GB. Hard disk space.

The performance is quite high, which is good news when using browsers and Photoshop or something else at the same time. Compared to previous versions operating systems, performance hard drive became stronger, the graphics weakened a little. But the hardware completely compensates for it. In general, it is believed that Windows 7 has lost a couple of positions compared to Windows XP.

The interface, as the developers say, is quite friendly. The desktop is quite customizable, and the system, in general, has added a number of adjustments.

Security – errors that can arise due to oversight have been much better worked out. Added functions to protect the system from unauthorized entry, various firewalls and utilities, and protection from the installation of third-party software. But, as before, there are a lot of viruses that can affect and harm the system.

Linux

Most users of this OS are the enemy camp for Windows users. In many ways, they are not happy with the slowness and a lot of errors that occur in the Windows system.

Hardware requirements - like everyone else similar systems, Linux has fairly minimal requirements. For this system, 512 MB will do. RAM, integrated video card and five GB. Free space on your hard drive. You will also need the same USB or DVD input and output. A 32-bit system will work perfectly on both a 64 and 32-bit processor.

Performance is excellent as usual. 32 bit system– guarantee of compatibility with software and good graphics, and 64-bit – improved work with data access.

The interface is more than excellent. The number of different adjustments is surprising. From this OS the user needs performance, functionality and completeness, which Linux can easily cope with.

Security and stability - there are practically no viruses for this OS, but still, the system provides various protection measures. As for errors, when they occur, the system will simply reload the module in which the error occurred and will continue to work, the user will not even know about it.

The disadvantages are the small number software, compared to other operating systems, and also requires constant online presence so that OS updates can be installed normally.

MacOS

The hardware requirements are quite high, but they are justified. It is worth making sure that you have in stock:

  • No less than 2GB. RAMs.
  • About 16 GB. Hard drive.
  • Video card of at least 512 MB.

Performance – directly depends on the hardware of the computer; the more powerful it is, the better the performance will be.

The interface looks amazing. This OS has always been beautiful, which is what the desktop is worth. Everything that could be useful is always at hand, you can configure anything, the system settings are not so extensive, but functional.

Security is thought out at a good level. There is a built-in antivirus and firewall here. This is not to say that there are no viruses for this OS, but there are quite a few of them.

Stability – amazes with its confidence. If you ask which is the best operating system based on this indicator, I will confidently say MacOS.

Of course, there are a lot of operating systems, but the percentage compared to the ones listed above is so tiny that they fade against the background of these giants.

So, let's summarize our topic - what operating systems exist. If you need stability and speed from your operating system, choose Linux or MacOC, but if you need functionality, stick to Windows.

OPERATING SYSTEMS, THEIR PURPOSE AND VARIETIES

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs that perform two main functions: providing the user with the convenience of a virtual machine and increasing the efficiency of using a computer while rationally managing its resources.

A virtual machine is the functional equivalent of an imaginary computer with a given configuration, modeled by the software and hardware of a real computer. The OS hides from the user the features of the physical location of information on disks and handles interrupts (termination of the computing process caused by requests for servicing other devices), manages timers and RAM. As a result, the user is provided with a virtual machine that implements work at the logical level.

The following requirements apply to modern operating systems:

  • compatibility - the OS must include tools for running applications prepared for other operating systems;
  • portability - ensuring the ability to transfer the OS from one hardware platform to another;
  • reliability and fault tolerance - involves protecting the OS from internal and external errors, failures and failures;
  • security - the OS must contain means to protect the resources of some users from others;
  • extensibility - the OS should provide ease of making subsequent changes and additions;
  • performance - the system must have sufficient speed.

Based on the number of simultaneously performed tasks, single-tasking operating systems (MS DOS, early versions PC DOS) and multitasking (OS/2, UNIX, Windows).

Single-tasking OSes provide the user with a virtual machine and include file management tools, peripheral devices and means of communication with the user. Multitasking OSes additionally manage the division of shared resources between tasks. Multitasking can be non-preemptive (NetWare, Windows 3/95/98) or preemptive (Windows NT, OS/2, UNIX). In the first case, upon completion, the active process itself transfers control to the OS to select another process from the queue. In the second, the decision to switch the processor from one process to another is made by the OS.

Based on the number of concurrent users, operating systems are divided into single-user (MS DOS, Windows 3x, early versions of OS/2) and multi-user (UNIX, WINDOWS NT). Multi-user systems contain means to protect user information from unauthorized access.

The network OS contains means of transmitting data between computers over communication lines and implementing data transfer protocols.

In addition to OSes focused on a specific type of hardware platform, there are mobile OSs that are easily portable to different types computers (UNIX). In such OSs, hardware-dependent locations are localized and are rewritten when the system is transferred. The hardware-independent part is implemented in a programming language high level, as a rule, in the C language, and is recompiled when. moving to another platform.

Currently, about 90% of computers use Windows OS. A broader class of OS is targeted for use on servers. This class of OS includes the UNIX family, Microsoft developments (MS DOS and Windows), Novell network products and IBM Corporation.

UNIX - multi-user, multi-tasking OS, includes enough powerful tools protection of programs and files of various users. The UNIX OS is machine-independent, which ensures high OS mobility and easy portability of application programs to computers of different architectures. An important feature of the UNIX family OS is its modularity and extensive set of service programs, which make it possible to create a favorable operating environment for user programmers (that is, the system is especially effective for specialists - application programmers).

Regardless of the version, the common features of UNIX are a multi-user mode with means of protecting data from unauthorized access; implementation of multitasking processing in time sharing mode; portability of the system by writing the main part in C language.

The disadvantage of UNIX is its high resource consumption, and for small single-user systems based on personal computers it is most often redundant.

In general, the OS of the UNIX family is aimed primarily at large local (corporate) and global networks that unite the work of thousands of users. Wide spread of UNIX and its LINUX version received on the Internet, where machine independence of the OS is of utmost importance.

MS DOS OS was widely used for personal computers built on Intel 8088-80486 processors.

Currently MS DOS for management personal computers practically not used. However, it should not be considered to have completely exhausted its capabilities and lost its relevance. Low requirements for hardware resources make DOS promising for practical use. Thus, in 1997, the CaShega company began work on adapting DR DOS (analogous to MS DOS) to the embedded OS market for small high-precision devices connected to the Internet and intranet networks. These devices include cash registers, faxes, personal digital assistants, electronic notebooks, etc.

Operating systems Windows is a family of operating systems including: Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.11, Windows 9X, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows ME (the first two are usually called operating shells, since DOS was installed separately for them). Windows 95 is characterized by ease of installation, low levels of data protection and resistance to application failures. Windows 95 has an intuitive interface, supports plug-and-play technology, and contains built-in tools for networking.

Windows 98 is a development of Windows 95. This version is tightly integrated with the Internet Explorer Web browser and contains a large number of drivers for old and new devices. Users note a simplified OS installation process and lower requirements for processor power, memory and disk space compared to NT. One of Windows varieties is Windows SE OS. This line of OS is designed for use on laptop computers. Windows SE is a 32-bit object-oriented multitasking OS with built-in power saving features. Windows version CE 3.0 (2000) approaches real-time systems in its capabilities. The main part of this compact OS is written into the flashable ROM of laptop computers. Windows NT 5.0 or Windows 2000 is a fully 32-bit OS with priority multitasking, improved memory implementation, and was designed from the ground up with reliability, security, and management features in mind. Windows 2000 comes in four flavors: Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, and Windows 2000 DataCenter Server. These versions differ in the number of services and programs included in the delivery, and the degree of hardware support.

operating system OS/2 (Operating system/2) is a single-user multitasking OS, one-way (MS DOS -> OS/2) software compatible with MS DOS and designed to work with MP 80386 and higher (IBM PC and PS/2). OS/2 can simultaneously execute up to 16 programs (each of them in its own memory segment), but among them there is only one prepared for MS DOS.

Important features of OS/2 are the presence of a multi-window user interface; software interfaces for working with the database system; effective software interfaces for working in local computer networks. The disadvantages of OS/2 include, first of all, the relatively small volume of software applications developed to date.



Share with friends:
Related publications