How to set up an email server. Setting up email programs - the key principles for setting up any email client. Setting up incoming mail

The FossLook mail server is designed for creating “internal” user mailboxes (on your domain) and working with them - receiving/sending messages. The server also initiates receiving messages from other mail servers (mail.ru, gmail.com, etc.), as well as sending them messages if users registered on the server have external mailboxes. This article describes all settings mail server

Creating and working with internal mail accounts is described. How to work with external mailboxes is described in the article.

To configure, launch the Administration Wizard and go to the "Network" page:

This home page mail server settings. Let's look at all the settings dialogs that are launched when you click the corresponding links on the start page:

Channels

Channels - the most important page. By filling it out, you will be able to create and work with “internal” mailboxes using your own domain name.

Section "SMTP Settings"

• Option Use– enables or disables the ability to exchange between the FossLook server and external mail servers.
• Port– port number for exchanging messages via the SMTP protocol.
• Certificate
• SSL Port

Section "POP3 Settings"

• Use– enables or disables the ability to exchange between the FossLook server and external email clients, except MS Outlook.
• Port– port number for messaging via POP3 protocol.
• Certificate– certificate information for encrypted exchange.
• SSL Port– port number for encrypted communication.

Section "Routing"

• Domain name– domain name of the machine on which the FossLook server is installed.
• FQDN– fully qualified domain name of the machine on which the server is installed.
• Network interface– IP address network card on the server through which the connection to the Internet occurs.
• Do not take more than– maximum limit on the size of an incoming message.
• Frame relay– domain name or IP address of the intermediate server to which all correspondence will be sent, and from which it will be sent further to recipients.

Section "Additional connection to the server"

• Use– enables or disables an external channel for working with the server via the Internet.
• Network interface– IP address of the network card that is involved in establishing a connection to the Internet.
• Port– port number for connecting to the Internet.
• Machine name– external domain name (obtained from the provider).

To work with internal mailboxes (within your network), just fill in the required fields in the POP3, SMTP and Routing settings sections. In order to send letters from internal mailboxes to external mailboxes (on servers on the Internet), you need to set up a channel to work with the server via the Internet.

General Internet Mail transport settings

Settings page for the Internet Mail transport module, which serves the mail server:

The purpose of the elements on this page is as follows:

• Option Included– enable/disable the module (i.e. enable/disable the mail server).
• Path to the service folder on the server– an alternative path for storing logs and other service files of the mail server. If empty, the default path is used.
• Option Allow delegated sending of messages – this option is valid when a user has delegated authority to another user or department and sends messages on behalf of another user (department). When this option is enabled, the recipient's message attributes indicate the real sender of the message in the "sender" column, and the user on whose behalf the message was sent in the "on behalf" column. If the checkbox is unchecked, only the user (department) on whose behalf the message was sent is indicated in both columns.
• Logging type SMTP, POP3– type of protocol logging, you can choose: disable, logging to one file, logging to several files (each session is logged to separate file), you can also enable adding message bodies to logs.

The purpose of the elements on this page is as follows:

• List of replacement addresses– lists of replacement recipients of messages of the form “address to which the letter is sent”; “address to which it arrives”.
• List of local address exceptions– a list of local addresses from which you can send letters without authorization.
• Outgoing connection timeout– connection timeout with other SMTP servers when sending mail.
• Maximum number of messages per session– the maximum possible number of messages that the server can receive via SMTP at one time. Messages can be received both from mail clients and other mail servers.
• Maximum message size, Megabyte– maximum permissible size messages to send/receive on the server, MB.
• Option Allow deleting messages via POP3– allows you to delete messages when collecting mail via POP3 from the mail server (by another client).
• Interval for resending messages from the queue– specifies after what time (h:min:sec) the re-sending of a message from the queue will be initiated (if the previous attempt failed).
• Number of resends of messages from the queue– determines the number of repeated sendings of messages from the queue (in case of unsuccessful previous sendings). If the message was not sent after the specified number of attempts, it ends up in the "Bad Messages" log.

The purpose of the elements on this page is as follows:

• Error repetition period, minutes– if the error repeats within a specified time (in minutes), a notification is sent to the user.
• Mail checking period– period of checking external accounts for new messages.
• Option Receive only unread messages– enables receiving only unread messages from external servers.

For those who want to try their hand at installing and configuring a mail server on their own, we will look at the process step-by-step installation server based mail server Windows Server 2003/2008/ and hMailServer software; Let's go through the stages of organizing and setting up a DNS service within the same server, and adding your mail domain to the server.

The material uses software hMailServer version 5.0-B305.

Installing a mail server

Download the mail server software from the link:

Launch the downloaded program. The first dialog is the welcome dialog, click Next.

The next step is the license agreement:

Select the path to install the program:

Select the components to install, select all:

Select the built-in database:

Enter the name in the start menu:

We check the entered data and agree:

Set the password for server administration:

After everything is installed, we can begin administration, located in the Start Menu. The first thing we will see is the connect dialog. With this program we can connect to any hMailServer. We will connect to localhost, click connect, in the password dialog, enter the password that we specified during installation.

The first thing we should see is the Wellcome tab, select the Add Domain... option here, enter the name of our domain bestdomain.com and select Save. Our email domain is active and ready to go. Now you need to add a user, open the Domains tab, then open the bestdomain.com tab, then select the Accounts tab.

Here we can add, delete and edit users. Select the Add... button

General tab - here you set the username, password, mailbox quota and rights.
Auto-reply tab - here you can configure an auto-reply for specific user.
Forwarding tab - here you can configure mail forwarding for a specific user.
Signature tab - sets the signature.
External accounts tab - the ability to retrieve mail from other servers for a specific user.
Rules tab - setting up various filters.
Tab Active Directory- if necessary, the ability to work with the service corresponding to the name.
Advanced tab - specifying the user's last name and first name, administering his mail folders.

Domain Aliases tab - allows you to configure aliases for a specific domain, the domain Distribution List tab allows you to create distribution lists.

There are also other global tabs: Rules for setting up global filters, Settings for setting up protocols, logs, connecting antispam and antivirus.

Various server maintenance tools.

Ports SMTP 25, POP3 110, IMAP 143 must be allowed in the firewall.

When setting mail client you must remember that the username for POP3, IMAP, SMTP is set to [email protected].

Setting up DNS server Windows 2003/2008.

Start -> Control Panel -> Add or Remove Programs

In the window that opens, select Add/Remove Windows Components and the Windows Components Wizard should launch. There we go to the Networking Services item, select Details, check Domain Name System (DNS), then OK and Next, then you may need a distribution kit with Windows installation (specifically the i386 folder) and a system reboot.

After installation, we can start setting up DNS:

Start -> Administrative Tools -> DNS

Expand the tree with the computer name -> right-click on Forward Lookap Zones -> New Zone

In the wizard that opens, select Next -> Primary Zone -> Next -> Enter the zone name bestdomain.com -> Next -> agree with the file name Next -> Do not allow dynamic updates -> Next -> Finish

We create everything required domains, the first is the root domain, the domain name is empty, IP Address 100.100.100.100 -> Add Host. Next, we create all the necessary hosts by entering the values ​​www, ns1, ns2, mail IP Address 100.100.100.100 -> Add Host in the Name field. At the end, select Finish.

The next step is to edit the settings of our zone, right-click on the name of the created domain and select Properties -> in the dialog that opens, select the Name servers tab -> Delete the automatically created one with the Remove button -> Add two name servers ns1 and ns2 with the Add button -> Enter the name server and its IP.

The next tab Start of Authority (SOA) enter all the specified values, after all changes to the domain now and in the future, do not forget to do an Increment for the zone, serial number increases by 1.

The next step is to add MX for mail operation, as well as for creating hosts, right-click New Mail Exchanger (MX).

Leave the domain name blank, enter the DNS name of the mail server and priority 10 and click OK.

DNS is configured and ready to go!

Every mail client has its own interface for configuration.

Some client programs require you to enter all settings manually, while others receive settings automatically from the provider database.

Let's look at the basic steps that are performed when setting up any email client. This information can be used to most settings mail programs .

To use mail services, you need to register a mailbox on the mail provider’s website, enter your username and password to access your mail, the password must be remembered or written down. Your email address will look like - your-login@provider-site.

In this article you will find information about settings for several popular email providers.

To receive or send mail, authorization is required; for this, you must indicate your login and password in the appropriate fields when setting up the client. You may have to do this when setting up an incoming mail server and a server for sending messages, but most email clients remember the data you enter and subsequently use it automatically.

Let's define the terminology used in this article:
• SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, literally - a simple mail transfer protocol. Allows you to transfer messages from the user's computer to the server and further along the chain of servers.
• POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3, literally - protocol post office. Contains commands for connecting to the server and downloading messages to the client computer.
• IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol, a protocol for accessing email. Provides the ability to access emails, stored on the server, without downloading the contents of letters and attachments to the local computer.
• Mail provider (ISP) - the email address of the site that provides postal service, for example mail.ru. As a rule, incoming and outgoing mail servers are run on its subdomains.
• Incoming mail server - the email address of the server to which the mail client must connect to receive mail, for example pop.yandex.ru or imap.yandex.ru.
• Outgoing mail server - the email address of the server to which the mail client must connect to send mail, for example smtp.meta.ua.

Setting up incoming mail:

There are two protocols used to receive mail - POP3 and IMAP, select the protocol you need, preferably select IMAP if your mail provider supports it.
If the client program supports traffic encryption, install the SSL/TLS method for greater security.
Enter the incoming mail server address and port number, the necessary data for this can be found in the table below:

Setting up outgoing mail:

The SMTP protocol is used to send mail; you just have to choose whether to encrypt the traffic or not. It is preferable to use SSL/TLS if your email client supports encryption.
To fill in the fields corresponding to the outgoing mail server address and port number, use the information in the table below:

Save your settings and test your email client.

You can work with letters not only through the Yandex.Mail web interface, but also using various email programs installed on your computer.

Configure the program using the IMAP protocol

When using the IMAP protocol, the mail program synchronizes with the server and preserves the folder structure of your mailbox. The letters you send through the mail program will be stored not only on your computer, but also on the server, and you will be able to access them from various devices.

Before setting up your email program, enable the IMAP protocol:

To configure an email program using the IMAP protocol, you must specify the following information:

Incoming mail

connection security - SSL;

port - 993.

connection security - SSL;

port - 465.

. ru »

IMAP protocol support will be enabled automatically the first time you log in to your email program.

When using the POP3 protocol, all letters from the folders that you specify in the menu Settings → Mail programs, will be saved by the email program to your computer in the Inbox folder. If necessary, you can set up filters in your email program to automatically move emails to the desired folders. Emails you send will only be stored on your computer.

Note. When downloading emails from a server using the POP3 protocol, Yandex.Mail automatically saves copies of emails on the server, but you can delete emails manually using the web interface. If you want to delete emails using an email program, use the IMAP protocol.

Before setting up your email program, enable the POP3 protocol:

To configure an email program using the POP3 protocol, you must specify the following information:

Incoming mail

connection security - SSL;

port - 995.

mail server address - smtp.yandex.ru;

connection security - SSL;

port - 465.

To access the mail server, enter your Yandex username and password (or if you have enabled two-factor authentication). If you set up receiving mail from a mailbox like “login@yandex. ru », the login is the part of the address before the “@” sign. If you use, you must specify the full mailbox address as your login.

You can configure to receive emails via POP3 from any folder, including Spam. To do this, open the menu Settings → Mail programs and mark the required folders.

When mailbox contents are downloaded by email programs, emails are not marked as read by default. If you want to mark received emails as read, enable the appropriate option.

Problems with the mail program

This step by step guide will help you solve problems related to Yandex.Mail and the email program.

This step-by-step guide will help you solve problems related to Mail in Connect and your email program.

Select an issue:

What message did you receive?

So the problem was that you did not accept the terms. They are accepted automatically when you first log in to the Yandex.Mail web interface.

Make sure that the protocol you want to use is enabled in the settings section.

Make sure that in the mail program settings you have accurately specified\n the following server parameters:\n \n \n

If you are using IMAP

\n

mail server address - imap.yandex.ru;

\n

connection security - SSL;

\n

port - 993.

\n

\n

mail server address - smtp.yandex.ru;

\n

connection security - SSL;

\n

port - 465.

\n

\n \n \n \n

If you are using POP3

\n \n \n Incoming mail \n \n

\n

mail server address - pop.yandex.ru;

\n

connection security - SSL;

\n

port - 995.

\n

\n

mail server address - smtp.yandex.ru;

\n

connection security - SSL;

\n

port - 465.

\n

\n \n \n \n\n

For more information on how to check server settings in different mail programs\n, see the section.

\n ")]))">

Make sure that in your mail program settings you have accurately specified the following server parameters:

If you are using IMAP

Incoming mail

mail server address - imap.yandex.ru;

connection security - SSL;

port - 993.

mail server address - smtp.yandex.ru;

connection security - SSL;

port - 465.

If you are using POP3

Incoming mail

mail server address - pop.yandex.ru;

connection security - SSL;

port - 995.

mail server address - smtp.yandex.ru;

connection security - SSL;

port - 465.

For more information on how to check server settings in different email programs, see the section Encrypting transmitted data.

If the "Authentication required" message appears, "Sender address rejected: Access denied» or “Send auth command first”, authorization on the Yandex SMTP server is disabled in the mail program settings. Make sure the option is enabled User Authentication(For Outlook Express) or SMTP Authentication(For The Bat!).

If you are a member of an organization and the problem occurs in all mailboxes in the domain, you need to log in to the web interface for each of them. It will not be possible to do this centrally, because each Mail user must accept the terms independently.

If a message appears "Sender address rejected: not owned by auth user", the address from which you are trying to send a letter does not match the one under whose login you are authorized on the SMTP server. Make sure that in the mail program settings, the return address is set to exactly the address from which the login is used in the SMTP authorization settings.

If you are a member of an organization and the problem occurs in all mailboxes in the domain, you need to log in to the web interface for each of them. It will not be possible to do this centrally, because each Mail user must accept the terms independently.

If a message appears "Login failure or POP3 disabled", the mail program cannot access mailbox via POP3 protocol. Make sure that the correct password for the mailbox is entered and that POP3 access is enabled in the settings section.

If you are a member of an organization and the problem occurs in all mailboxes in the domain, you need to log in to the web interface for each of them. It will not be possible to do this centrally, because each Mail user must accept the terms independently.

If a message appears "Message rejected under suspicion of SPAM", the contents of your email were recognized by Yandex.Mail as spam. To solve the problem, open Yandex.Mail and send any one letter as a test. This way you will prove to the system that the letters are not being sent by a robot.

If you are using antivirus program, firewall or proxy server, disable them and check if this reproduces the problem.

If you are a member of an organization and the problem occurs in all mailboxes in the domain, you need to log in to the web interface for each of them. It will not be possible to do this centrally, because each Mail user must accept the terms independently.

Read step by step instructions to search for missing letters. Before you start.

Select an issue:

When you delete messages, they go to the Deleted Items folder and are stored there for 30 days. During this period you can restore them:

Go to the Deleted Items folder.

Select the required letters.

Click the To Folder button.

If more than a month has passed since they were deleted, it will not be possible to restore the letters - they have been permanently deleted from the Yandex.Mail servers.

If the letters are not in the folder where they should be, then most likely they ended up in another folder, for example in Deleted Items or Spam. If you remember the sender's name or address, part of the text of the letter or the subject, try searching for letters in all the folders in your mailbox.

Have you found the letters?

You can restore letters:

Go to the folder in which the letters were found.

Select the required letters.

Click the To Folder button.

Select from the list the folder where you want to move the letters - for example, Inbox.

Why emails disappear and how to avoid it

The Deleted emails folder is stored for 30 days, and the Spam folder for 10 days. After this, they will be permanently deleted from Yandex servers. Why can emails end up in these folders without your knowledge:

Another user has access to your mailbox

Emails can be deleted by a user who has access to your mailbox: perhaps you forgot to end your session after working on someone else's device. To end your session, click the link in your account menu Log out on all devices. This can also be done on the page - using the link Log out on all computers.

Letters disappear in the mail program

configure the program using the POP3 protocol

A rule has been configured that deletes or moves letters. Letters disappear in the mail program.

If you use a mail program and delete letters in it, they disappear on . This happens because your program is configured using the IMAP protocol - in this case, the mailbox structure on the service is synchronized with the mailbox structure in the program. To delete messages only in the program, but leave them in Yandex.Mail, you can configure the program using the POP3 protocol, but we recommend not doing this: the messages may not synchronize correctly with the server.

A rule has been configured that deletes or moves emails Indicate reliable ones in Yandex.Passport and link them to your account. Our security system may have found your account suspicious and blocked your mailbox. Most often, this happens due to the fact that the phone number is not attached to the box or the Passport contains a fictitious first and last name. It usually takes a couple of hours to remove the lock.

If you delete letters in your mail program, but they are still in their folders on the Yandex.Mail website, then most likely your mail program is configured using the POP3 protocol. Due to the peculiarities of the POP3 protocol, messages in the mail program may not synchronize correctly with the server. To work with Yandex.Mail, it is recommended to use IMAP protocol. To learn how to migrate your email program from POP3 to IMAP, see Migration from POP3.

If your email program does not display sent emails, then most likely your email program is configured using the POP3 protocol. Due to the peculiarities of the POP3 protocol, messages in the mail program may not synchronize correctly with the server. To work with Yandex.Mail, it is recommended to use the IMAP protocol. To learn how to migrate your email program from POP3 to IMAP, see Migration from POP3.

If you receive errors about an incorrect certificate when activating SSL encryption in your email program, make sure that your email program and operating system configured correctly:

Manually add a certificate to the list of trusted certificates (Windows)

Attention. If you are not sure that you can install the certificate yourself, contact a specialist.

To add a certificate to the list of trusted certificates:

Download the certificate. (If the linked file opens directly in your browser, click CTRL + S and save the file to your computer; there is no need to copy text from the file.)

Open the Start menu.

In the search box, type certmgr.msc and press Enter.

In the program window, in the folder tree, click on the folder Trusted Root Certification Authorities.

In the right part of the window, right-click on Certificates and select All tasks → Import.

This tutorial will show you how to set up a working mail server in Ubuntu or Debian. As we know, the two main protocols used in the mail server are SMTP and POP/IMAP. In this tutorial, postfix will be used for SMTP, while dovecot will be used for POP/IMAP. They are both open source, stable and highly customizable.

Please note that mail server security issues are beyond the scope of this lesson and are covered in the article "".

Prerequisites

Each domain must have an entry for DNS server f. It is recommended NOT to use live domains for testing purposes. In this tutorial, the test domain example.tst will be used in a lab setting. The DNS server for this hypothetical domain would have at least the following entries.

• Direct zone for example.tst:

• Reverse zone for example.tst:

When setting up a live mail server, these entries can be modified to suit system requirements.

Setting the hostname (hostname)

First, the mail server hostname must be defined in /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts. Moreover, only the host name should be placed in the first file.

Root@mail:~# vim /etc/hostname mail root@mail:~# vim /etc/hosts ## IP Fully Qualified Domain Name Hostname ## 192.168.10.1 mail.example.tst mail

Adding users

Every Linux user, by default, has an automatically created mailbox. These users and mailboxes will be used as mail accounts and their corresponding mailbox addresses. Creating a user is very simple.

Root@mail:~# adduser alex

Installation and configuration of SMTP

SMTP: Postfix installation

• transport

Emails destined for the example.tst domain are determined to be delivered locally without any DNS queries.

Root@mail:/etc/postfix# vim transport example.tst local: .example.tst local: root@mail:/etc/postfix# postmap transport

• aliases

We assume that all letters sent to user userA should also be delivered to user userB, for this the aliases file is modified as shown below:

Root@mail:/etc/postfix# vim aliases userA: userA, userB root@mail:/etc/postfix# postalias aliases

Please note: The synth "userA:userB" specifies that mail should only be directed to user userB. UserA will not receive a copy of the email.

SMTP: Startup and Maintenance

postfix can be started with the command.

Root@mail:~# service postfix restart

The log file in /var/log/mail.log should provide useful information, if something goes wrong. You can also check whether the mail server is listening on TCP port 25 using netstat.

Root@mail:~# netstat -nat tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

As you can see from the output, the server is listening on TCP port 25 for incoming connection requests.

Installing and configuring POP/IMAP

POP/IMAP: Installing dovecot

POP/IMAP: Preparing configuration files

The following parameters change as needed.

Root@mail:~# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf ## location of mailboxes specified in the "mbox" format ## mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/ %u ## dovecot has been given the necessary permissions to read/write user mailboxes ## mail_privileged_group = mail

This should be enough to start the POP/IMAP service on the mail server.

POP/IMAP: Service Installation

Now that dovecot is installed and configured, it can be launched using the following command.

Root@mail:~# service dovecot restart

Again, the log file (/var/log/mail.log) can provide important clues if something goes wrong. You can find out if dovecot is running by using netstat as follows.

Root@mail:/etc/dovecot/conf.d# netstat -nat tcp 0 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

Using a mail server with a custom mail program

The mail server is now ready for use. Postal account can be configured using your favorite email client on desktop computer, laptop, tablet or phone. You can also configure webmail (mail with a web interface) on the server, but instructions for webmail will be in the following lessons. At this stage, the mail program Mozilla Thunderbird defined the following settings for my server:

Troubleshooting mail server problems

• Your best friend is the log file /var/log/mail.log. Any clues as to why the mail isn't working can be found here.
• Make sure your firewall is properly configured.
• Make sure the DNS server has the proper entries.

To summarize, the demonstration in this lesson, as already mentioned, took place in a laboratory setting. A test DNS server with all the necessary records can be deployed, and users will exchange letters with each other on the same server, for example, the same domain. To make it even more interesting, you can deploy multiple mail servers with different domains, to check the communication between domains, the necessary DNS records must be present for this.

Valid DNS records are required for live mail servers. You can tune the postfix and dovecot settings according to your needs.

Attention A: For those who want to deploy a live mail server, or any mail server that has Internet access, make sure your SMTP is secure. Typically, attacks on SMTP come from the Internet and from malicious programs within the local network.

Hope this helps.

These programs cannot be installed on virtual hosting. A completely autonomous mail server can only be created on a virtual private (dedicated) server, i.e. on a VDS (VPS). - this article, as the title suggests, will tell you about a high-quality and at the same time the cheapest option for a virtual private server, which also uses cloud technologies.

In general, the topic of mail is very close to the authors; at different times we have already considered the issues of creating mail on our own domains(this allows you to select short and beautiful names for mailboxes), how to “attach” your domain to mail.ru and indeed to any popular mailbox, how to create your own offline mail on hosting, etc. You can find all this and much more under the tag your mail.